专利摘要:
Fibrous structures and / or toilet paper products comprising a fibrous structure, and more particularly fibrous structures comprising paper pulp fibers, wherein the fibrous structures have unique properties of elongation (stretching) and total shrinkage, and methods of production of such fibrous structures.
公开号:FR3015531A1
申请号:FR1462692
申请日:2014-12-18
公开日:2015-06-26
发明作者:Ryan Dominic Maladen；John Allen Manifold；Ward William Ostendorf；Jeffrey Glen Sheehan；Douglas Jay Barkey
申请人:Procter and Gamble Co；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] The present invention relates to fibrous structures and / or products, sanitary paper comprising fibrous structures, and more particularly fibrous structures comprising: pulp fibers, wherein the fibrous structures have unique properties of elongation (stretching) and total shrinkage, and methods of producing such fibrous structures.
[0002] The creation of machine direction (MD) elongation in toilet paper products such as toilet paper towels, paper towels and a facial tissue, which include fibrous structures that include pulp fibers especially fibrous structures applied wet, posed a problem for formulators. Formulators have been limited to creating a machine direction elongation in such sanitary tissue products primarily in one manner; that is, narrowing of the fibrous structures during the fibrous structure manufacturing process, for example, a papermaking process. The narrowing includes both process-induced shrinkage and structure-induced shrinkage. Both the method-induced shrinkage and structure-induced shrinkage operations result in machine-direction elongation in the fibrous structure during the fibrous structure manufacturing process. Process-induced shrinkage operations include wet microcontractor operations and / or accelerated transfer operations, which include tissue creping and / or belt creping operations, crepe operations that crepe the fibrous structure at the outlet. a drying cylinder, for example a Yankee machine, and micro-creping operations, such as the passage of the fibrous structure through a microcrêper, for example, a microcrêper marketed by Micrex Corporation. The effect of shrinkage induced by the process is the production of ridges, often referred to as "crepe ridges" especially those resulting from creping the fibrous structure exiting a drying cylinder. The limitations and implementation of process-induced shrinkage operations cause the ridges to be essentially oriented along the machine cross-machine direction (ST) in the resulting fibrous structure. In addition, the shrinkage induced by the process adversely affects the tensile strength, especially the tensile strength in the machine direction of the fibrous structure. Because of these negative aspects associated with process-induced shrinkage operations, it is desired, at a minimum, not to increase and even reduce the shrinkage percentage imparted to a fibrous structure by method-induced shrinkage operations, but In doing so, a shrinkage must be imparted to the fibrous structure by other means, such as structure-induced shrinkage, to maintain and / or increase the machine direction elongation of the fibrous structure. The formulators narrowed fibrous structures during the fibrous structure manufacturing process by other method-induced shrinkage operations such as wet microcontraction and / or accelerated transfer, where the fibrous structure is transferred from an upstream operation which takes place at a higher speed than a downstream operation, to generate elongation in the machine direction in the fibrous structures. For example, an accelerated transfer operation may include a forming fabric in a fibrous structure manufacturing process taking place at a higher speed than a transfer fabric and / or an air-circulating drying fabric, such as It is found in an uncrepeated air circulation drying process (UCTAD) on which the fibrous structure is transferred from the forming wire. In another example, a crepe roll in a fabric and / or belt creping operation may be operated at a higher speed than the fabric and / or belt that receives the fibrous structure from the crepe roll. In yet another example, a fibrous structure may be creped (% creping) from a drying cylinder (i.e., a Yankee) by a doctor blade, the drying cylinder moving at a higher speed. high than the squeegee, which is typically stationary in the machine direction. All these operations are shrinkage operations induced by the process. For purposes of the present invention, total shrinkage (TFS) = total shrinkage induced by the method = wet microcontraction + accelerated transfer +% creping + micro-creping. The shrinkage induced by the process of a fabricated fibrous structure generates an elongation in the machine direction in the fibrous structure. However, the amount of total shrinkage and, therefore, machine direction elongation resulting from the process-induced shrinkage that can be imparted to a fibrous structure during the fibrous structure manufacturing process has a limit. For this reason, formulators have discussed different ways of generating machine-direction elongation in fibrous structures, for example, by examining different designs of air-flow drying fabric and / or pattern belt to impart elongation. in the machine direction, with or without method-induced shrinkage, to the fibrous structures during structure-induced shrinkage operations.
[0003] Structure-induced shrinkage operations include forming and / or drying a fibrous structure on an air-circulating drying fabric and / or patterned air-drying belt (a belt which has a three-dimensional material, such as a polymer resin in a distinct, semicontinuous and / or continuous pattern of protuberances or seams, which define a distinct, semi-continuous and / or continuous pattern of deflection conduits or pads in areas which are devoid of protuberances (joints) The deflection of the fibrous structure in the deflection ducts (bearings, lower fiber density region) in the drawing belt generates a joint pattern (higher fiber density region - undivided) and pad on the fibrous structure during the fibrous structure manufacturing process which coupled to the pattern results in shrinkage of the fibrous structure. In contrast to process-induced shrinkage operations, structure-induced shrinkage operations do not negatively or not significantly affect the tensile strength, especially the tensile strength in the machine direction of the fibrous structure. manufactured. Currently, formulators have failed to produce sanitary paper products comprising a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers that have the desired machine direction elongation properties by total shrinkage consumers. (total shrinkage induced by the process). All things being equal, fibrous structures comprising paper pulp fibers having a high total elongation / shrinkage in the machine direction will exhibit higher tensile strength. Formulators manufactured sanitary tissue products using fibrous structures that were fabricated on various air-flow drying fabrics and / or design belts without achieving a machine-in-full-length elongation ratio. (total shrinkage induced by the process) desired by consumers. In one example, a prior art sanitary tissue product using a fibrous structure made using a patterned air-drying belt having a surface pattern shown in Figure 1 of the prior art, where the line elements were essentially machine-direction oriented, had a machine-direction elongation ratio of total shrinkage (total process induced shrinkage) of 2.22 or less. Other toilet paper products, using fibrous structures that were fabricated on patterned air-drying belts having a continuous join pattern and a process shrinkage of 0 or greater, exhibited machine direction elongation ratios on total shrinkage (total shrinkage induced by the process) of 2.43 or less. In addition, other sanitary paper products using fibrous structures that have been fabricated on various air-flow drying fabrics, which are obviously limited in their design due to the nature of the chain and of the weft of the tissues, had ratios of elongation in the machine direction on total shrinkage (total shrinkage induced by the process) lower than 2.22. In addition, sanitary tissue products using tissue-crimped and belt-creped fibrous structures and uncreped air-dried fiber fibrous structures all exhibited machine direction elongation ratios on total shrinkage (shrinkage). total induced by the method) less than 2.22. For this reason, the problem addressed by the present invention is how to generate a machine direction elongation in a fibrous structure during a fibrous structure manufacturing process, for example, a papermaking process, using a shrinkage induced by the structure, for example, using a new air flow dryer fabric design and / or a new patterned air circulation drying belt design such that a toilet tissue product utilizing the fibrous structure has a ratio of elongation in the machine direction to total shrinkage (total shrinkage induced by the method) desired by consumers; that is, a machine-stretching ratio on total shrinkage (total shrinkage induced by the process) which is greater than a ratio such as in known toilet paper products.
[0004] Thus, there is a need for a sanitary tissue product that has a machine-in-machine aspect ratio on total shrinkage (total shrinkage induced by the process) that is greater than ratios such as in known toilet tissue products. and methods for producing such toilet paper products.
[0005] The present invention satisfies the previously described need by providing a sanitary tissue product which has a machine direction elongation ratio on total shrinkage (total shrinkage induced by the process) which is greater than ratios such as in a paper product. known hygienic, and methods of producing such sanitary tissue products. An object of the invention is a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, characterized in that the fibrous structure is characterized by one of the following properties: a. the fibrous structure is devoid of a continuous seam and the fibrous structure has a machine direction elongation ratio of greater than 2.25 as measured by the elongation test method; b. the fibrous structure comprises a pattern of high density semi-continuous joint regions and a pattern of low density semi-continuous bearing regions, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a machine direction elongation ratio over a greater total shrinkage at 2.25, as measured by the elongation test method; and c. the fibrous structure has a process-induced shrinkage of 0% or more, wherein the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction of total shrinkage greater than 2.5, as measured by the elongation test method . According to one embodiment, the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction over total shrinkage greater than 2.3, as measured by the elongation test method. According to one embodiment, the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction over total shrinkage greater than 2.5, as measured by the elongation test method. According to one embodiment, the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction on total shrinkage greater than 2.75, as measured by the elongation test method.
[0006] According to one embodiment, the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction over total shrinkage greater than 3, as measured by the elongation test method.
[0007] According to one embodiment, the fibrous structure has a differential density. According to one embodiment, the fibrous structure has low density bearing regions and high density joining regions. According to one embodiment, the fibrous structure has high density join regions present in a continuous array pattern and low density pad regions present as individual regions.
[0008] In one embodiment, the fibrous structure has high density join regions present in a semi-continuous pattern and low density bearing regions present in a semi-continuous pattern. According to one embodiment, a plurality of the high density join regions is oriented substantially in the cross machine direction.
[0009] According to one embodiment, the plurality of high density join regions is oriented at less than 20 ° with respect to the cross machine direction axis. In one embodiment, a plurality of the high density join regions comprise curved lines.
[0010] In one embodiment, a plurality of the high density join regions comprise sinusoidal lines. A second object of the invention is a monolayer or multilayer toilet paper product comprising the fibrous structure according to any of the previous embodiments.
[0011] A third object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a fibrous structure, the method comprising the steps of: a. providing a plurality of pulp fibers; b. depositing the pulp fibers on a forming wire so as to form a fibrous structure; and c. applying the fibrous structure to an air-flow drying member such that the fibrous structure is characterized by one of the following properties: i. the fibrous structure comprises non-semi-continuous joints which are imparted to the fibrous structure such that the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction of total shrinkage greater than 2.25, as measured by the method of elongation test; and ii. the fibrous structure comprises a pattern of semi-continuous high density joint regions and a pattern of semi-continuous low density pad regions which are imparted to the fibrous structure such that the fibrous structure has a ratio of full machine direction elongation greater than 2.25, as measured by the elongation test method. A fourth object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a fibrous structure, said method comprising the steps of: a. provide a plurality of pulp fibers b. depositing the pulp fibers on a forming wire so as to form a fibrous structure; vs. subjecting the fibrous structure to a shrinkage induced by the process of 0% or more; and D. applying the fibrous structure to an air-circulating drying member so that the fibrous structure has a machine direction elongation ratio of greater than 2.5, as measured by the test method of elongation. A solution to the previously identified problem is a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, which has a machine direction elongation ratio of total shrinkage (total process induced shrinkage) desired by consumers; that is, a machine direction elongation ratio on total shrinkage (total shrinkage induced by the process) which is greater than a ratio such as in known toilet tissue products, as previously described. One nonlimiting way to obtain this desired machine direction elongation ratio over total shrinkage (process-induced total shrinkage) in the sanitary tissue products of the present invention is to fabricate the fibrous structure on a dewatering fabric. air-circulating and / or patterned air-drying belt which communicates a plurality of substantially transverse machine-oriented line elements (ST) in the fibrous structure. In other words, the fibrous structure is fabricated on an air-circulating drying fabric and / or a patterned air-drying belt that includes a plurality of joints that are essentially oriented in the cross direction. It has been unexpectedly found that the manufacture of fibrous structures, in particular comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, on such air-flow drying fabrics and / or patterned air-drying belts provides to tissue paper products employing such fibrous structures a machine direction elongation ratio of total shrinkage (total process induced shrinkage) of greater than 2.25 the fibrous structure and the circulating drying fabric of air and / or patterned air circulation drying belt comprising separate and / or semi-continuous joints (in other words, does not have a continuous join). It has also been unexpectedly found that the manufacture of fibrous structures, in particular comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, on such air-circulating drying fabrics and / or patterned air-drying belts. wherein the process-induced shrinkage is 0% or more provides sanitary paper products employing such fibrous structures with a machine direction elongation ratio of total shrinkage (process-induced total shrinkage) greater than 2, 5. In one example of the present invention, there is provided a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure, for example, an air-circulated fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product, comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers, where the fibrous structure is free of a continuous seam (includes separate and / or semicontinuous seams) and wherein the sanitary paper product has a machine-stretch ratio in total shrinkage (shrinkage) total induced by the method) greater than 2.25, as measured according to the elongation test method described herein. In another example of the present invention, there is provided a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure, for example, an air-circulated fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product, comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers, wherein the fiber structure comprises a pattern of semi-continuous high density joint regions and a pattern of semi-continuous low density pad regions, wherein the fibrous structure has a ratio of full machine direction elongation greater than 2.25, as measured by the elongation test method.
[0012] In another example of the present invention, there is provided a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure, for example, an air-circulated fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product, comprising a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers and having a process-induced shrinkage and / or wet microcontractor (WMC) of 0% or more, imparted to the fibrous structure, which has a ratio of elongation in the direction machine on total shrinkage (total process induced shrinkage) greater than 2.5, as measured by the elongation test method described herein. In still another example of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention, the method comprising the steps of: a. providing a plurality of pulp fibers; b. depositing the pulp fibers on a forming wire so as to form a fibrous structure; and c. applying the fibrous structure to an air-flow drying member (e.g., air-flow drying fabric and / or air-flow drying belt) such that non-semi-continuous joints (e.g., discrete and / or continuous joints) are communicated to the fibrous structure such that a sanitary tissue product made therefrom has an aspect ratio in the machine direction on total shrinkage (shrinkage) total induced by the method) greater than 2.25, as measured according to the elongation test method described herein. In still another example of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention, the method comprising the steps of: a. provide a plurality of pulp fibers b. depositing the pulp fibers on a forming wire so as to form a fibrous structure; and c. applying the fibrous structure to an air-flow drying member such that a pattern of semi-continuous high density joint regions and a pattern of low density bearing regions is imparted to the fibrous structure; semi-continuous, such that the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction over total shrinkage greater than 2.25, as measured by the elongation test method. In yet another example of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention, the method comprising the steps of a. providing a plurality of pulp fibers; b. depositing the pulp fibers on a Taçon shaping cloth; forming a fibrous structure; vs. subjecting the fibrous structure to a shrinkage induced by the process of 0% or more; and D. applying the fibrous structure to an air-circulating drying member so that the fibrous structure has a machine direction elongation ratio of greater than 2.5, as measured by the test method of elongation. Thus, the present invention provides sanitary tissue products and methods of making such sanitary tissue products that have machine-in-machine elongation ratios of total (process-induced total shrinkage) desired by consumers, higher than to those presented by known toilet paper products.
[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a patterned air circulation drying belt of the prior art. Fig. 2A is a schematic representation of an example of a molding member (e.g. an air-circulating drying member) according to the present invention; Figure 2B is another schematic representation of a portion of the molding member of Figure 2A; Figure 2C is a cross-sectional view of Figure 2B taken along line 2C-2C; Figure 3A is a schematic representation of a toilet paper product made using the molding member of Figure 2A; Figure 3B is a cross-sectional view of Figure 3A taken along the line 3B-3B; Figure 3C is a MikroCAD image of a toilet tissue product manufactured using the molding member of Figure 2A; Figure 3D is an enlarged portion of the MikroCAD image of Figure 3C; Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an example of an air circulation drying paper making method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of an example of an uncreped air flow drying paper manufacturing method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an example of a tissue creped air drying paper manufacturing method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic representation of another example of a tissue creped air drying paper manufacturing process for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; and Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of an example of a belt crepelar air-drying paper manufacturing process for manufacturing a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; "Toilet Paper Product" as used herein means a flexible, low density article (i.e., <about 0.15 g / cm3) useful as a wiping instrument. for cleaning after urination and after defecation (toilet paper), for otorhinolaryngological flow of tissue paper, and for multipurpose absorbent and cleaning uses (absorbent towels). The sanitary tissue product may be wound on itself around a mandrel or without a mandrel to form a roll of sanitary tissue product. In one example, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention comprises a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
[0014] The sanitary tissue products and / or fibrous structures of the present invention may have a basis weight greater than 15 g / m 2 (9.2 pounds / 3000 ft 2) to about 120 g / m 2 (73.8 pounds / 3000 ft 2) and or about 15 g / m 2 (9.2 lb / 3000 ft 2) to about 110 g / m 2 (67.7 lb / 3000 ft 2) and / or about 20 g / m 2 (12.3 lb / 3000) feet 2) at about 100 g / m 2 (61.5 lbs / 3000 ft 2) and / or about 30 (18.5 lbs / 3000 ft 2) to 90 g / m 2 (55.4 lbs / 3000 ft 2). In addition, the sanitary paper products and / or fibrous structures of the present invention may have a basis weight of between about 40 g / m 2 (24.6 lbs / 3000 ft 2) and about 120 g / m 2 (73.8 lbs / m 2). 3000 feet 2) and / or from about 50 g / m 2 (30.8 pounds / 3000 ft 2) to about 110 g / m 2 (67.7 pounds / 3000 ft 2) and / or about 55 g / m 2 (33, 8 pounds / 3000 feet 2) to about 105 g / m 2 (64.6 pounds / 3000 ft 2) and / or about 60 (36.9 pounds / 3000 ft 2) to 100 g / m 2 (61.5 pounds / 3000 ft 2) ). The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may have a total dry tensile strength greater than about 0.58 N / cm (about 150 g / in) and / or about 0.77 N / cm (200 g / in) at about 394 Wern (1000 g / in) and / or about 0.96 N / cm (98 g / cm) (250 g / in) to about 3.28 N / cm (850 g / in). In addition, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may have a total dry tensile strength greater than about 1,900 N / cm (500 g / in) and / or about 1 , 500 g / in (196 g / cm) to about 3.87 N / cm (394 g / cm (1000 g / po)) and / or about 2.12 N / cm ( 216 g / cm (550 g / in)) to about 3.85 N / cm (850 g / in) and / or about 2.32 N / cm (236-g / cm) ( 600 g / in) at about 800 g / in (315 g / cm). In one example, the sanitary tissue product has a total dry tensile strength of less than about 3.87 N / cm (394 g / cm (1000 g / in)) and / or less than about 3.29 N / cm ( cm (850 g / in). In another example, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention may have a total dry tensile strength greater than about 1,900 N / cm (500 g / in) and / or greater than approximately 2.32 N / cm (600 g / in) and / or greater than about 700 g / in (276 g / cm) and / or greater than about 3 , 9 N / cm (800 g / in) and / or greater than about 900 g / in (3.47 N / cm) and / or greater than about 3.87 N / cm (900 g / in) N / cm (394 g / cm (1000 g / in)) and / or about 3.09 N / cm (315 g / cm (800 g / po)) at about 19.3 N / cm (1 968 g / cm (5,000 g / in)) and / or about 3,47 N / cm (354 g / cm (900 g / po)) to about 11.59 N / cm (1181 g / cm 3 000 g / in) and / or about 3.47 N / cm (900 g / in) to about 960 N / cm (2500 g / in) and / or about 3.87 N / cm (394 g / cm (1000 g / in)) to about 7.77 N / cm (787 g / cm (2,000 g / po)). The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may have a total initial wet tensile strength of less than about 0.77 N / cm (200 g / in) and / or less than about 0.58 N / cm 2 (200 g / in). / cm (150 g / in) and / or less than about 100 g / in (0.35 N / cm) and / or less than about 0.28 N / cm (29 g / cm (75 g / in)). The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may have a total initial wet tensile strength of greater than about 300 g / in (1,86 N / cm) and / or greater than about 1.54 N / cm (400 g / in) and / or greater than about 196 g / cm (500 g / in) and / or greater than about 2.32 N / cm (236 g / cm (600 g / in)) and / or greater than about 2,71 N / cm (276 g / cm (700 g / po)) and / or greater than about 3,09 N / cm (315 g / cm) g / cm (800 g / in)) and / or greater than about 3.47 N / cm (354 g / cm (900 g / po)) and / or greater than about 3.87 N / cm (394 g / cm) cm (1000 g / in)) and / or about 300 g / in (118 g / cm) to about 19.31 N / cm (5000 g / cm) )) and / or about 1.54 N / cm (157 g / cm (400 g / po)) to about 1181 / cm (3000 g / in) and / or about 1,900 N / cm (500 g / in) to about 9,65 N / cm (2500 g / in) and / or about 1, Cm / g (196 g / cm) (500 g / in) to about 7,72 N / cm (2000 g / in) and / or about 1.98 N / cm (500 g / in) to about 5.80 N / cm (1500 g / in). The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may have a density (measured at 95 g / in 2) of less than about 0.60 g / cm 3 and / or less than about 0.30 g / cm 3 and / or less than about 0 , 20 g / cm 3 and / or less than about 0.10 g / cm 3 and / or less than about 0.07 g / cm 3 and / or less than about 0.05 g / cm 3 and / or about 0.01 g / cm 3 g / cc at about 0.20 g / cc and / or about 0.02 g / cc to about 0.10 g / cc. The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be in the form of sanitary tissue product rolls. Such rolls of sanitary tissue product may comprise a plurality of interconnected, but perforated, sheets of fibrous structure, which are distributable separately from adjacent sheets. In another example, the sanitary tissue products may be in the form of discrete sheets that are stacked within and dispensed from a container, such as a can. The fibrous structures and / or toilet paper products of the present invention may comprise additives such as softening agents, temporary moisture-resistant agents, permanent moisture-resistant agents, bulk softening agents, lotion compositions, silicones, wetting agents, latices, especially surface-applied latices, dry strength agents such as carboxymethylcellulose and starch, and other types of additives suitable for inclusion in and / or on toilet paper products. "Fibrous structure" as used herein means a structure that includes a plurality of pulp fibers and optionally one or more filaments.
[0015] In one example, a fibrous structure according to the present invention refers to an ordered arrangement of fibers alone and with filaments within a structure to perform a function. Non-limiting examples of fibrous structures of the present invention include paper. Non-limiting examples of methods for making fibrous structures include known methods of making wet paper and methods of making paper by air jet. Such methods typically include the steps of preparing a fiber composition in the form of a suspension in a medium, or wet, more specifically an aqueous medium, or dry, more specifically gaseous, i.e. with the air as a medium. The aqueous medium used for wet processes is often referred to as a fiber slurry. The fibrous slurry is then used to deposit a plurality of fibers on a forming web or belt so that an embryonic fibrous structure is formed, after which drying and / or bonding of the fibers together results in a fibrous structure. Subsequent processing of the fibrous structure may be effected such that a finished fibrous structure is formed. For example, in typical papermaking processes, the finished fibrous structure is the fibrous structure which is wound on the reel at the end of papermaking, and may subsequently be converted to a finished product, for example toilet paper. The fibrous structures of the present invention may be homogeneous or may be in layers. If layered, the fibrous structures may comprise at least two and / or at least three and / or at least four and / or at least five layers. In one example, the fibrous structure of the present invention consists substantially of fibers, for example pulp fibers, such as cellulosic pulp fibers. In another example, the fibrous structure of the present invention comprises fibers and is devoid of filaments. In another example, the fibrous structure of the present invention comprises filaments and is free of fibers. In yet another example, the fibrous structures of the present invention comprise filaments and fibers, such as a coformed fibrous structure. "Coformed fibrous structure" as used herein means that the fibrous structure comprises a mixture of at least two different materials in which at least one of the materials comprises a filament, such as a polypropylene filament, and at least one other material, different from the first material, comprises a solid additive, such as fiber and / or particulate material. In one example, a coformed fibrous structure comprises solid additives, such as fibers, such as wood pulp fibers, and filaments, such as polypropylene filaments. "Fiber" and / or "filament" as used herein refers to an elongated particulate material having an apparent length substantially exceeding its apparent width, i.e., a length to diameter ratio of at least about 10. In one example, a "fiber" is an elongated particulate material as previously described which has a length of less than 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a "filament" is an elongate particulate material as previously described which has a length greater than or equal to 5.08 cm (2 inches). Fibers are typically considered discontinuous by nature. Non-limiting examples of fibers include pulp fibers, such as wood pulp fibers, and cut synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers.
[0016] Filaments are typically considered continuous or essentially continuous in nature. The filaments are relatively longer than the fibers. Non-limiting examples of filaments include meltblown and / or spunbonded filaments. Non-limiting examples of filamentable materials include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, and polymers. including, but not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol filaments and / or polyvinyl alcohol derivative filaments, and thermoplastic polymer filaments, such as polyesters, nylons, polyolefins such as polyester filaments, polypropylene, polyethylene filaments, and biodegradable or compostable thermoplastic fibers such as polylactic acid filaments, polyhydroxyalkanoate filaments and polycaprolactone filaments. The filaments may be monocomponent or multicomponent, such as bicomponent filaments. In one example of the present invention, "fiber" refers to fibers for papermaking. Paper making fibers useful in the present invention include cellulosic fibers commonly known as wood pulp fibers. Applicable wood pulps include chemical pulps, such as Kraft, sulphite, and sulphate pulps, as well as mechanical pulps including, for example, groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, and chemically modified thermomechanical pulp. Chemical pastes, however, may be preferred because they impart a tactile sensation of superior softness to the absorbent papid sheets made therefrom. Pulps derived from both deciduous trees (hereinafter also referred to as "hardwoods") and coniferous trees (hereinafter also referred to as "coniferous woods") may be used. The hardwood and coniferous wood fibers may be mixed, or alternatively may be layered to provide a laminated web. U.S. Patent No. 4,300,981 and U.S. Patent No. 3,994,771 describe the layered superimposition of hardwood and coniferous wood fibers. Also applicable to the present invention are fibers derived from recycled paper, which may contain any or all of the foregoing, as well as other non-fibrous materials such as fillers and adhesives used to facilitate papermaking. original. In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fibers such as cotton linters, rayon, lyocell, trichomes, duvets, and bagasse may be used in the present invention. Other sources of cellulose in the form of fiber or which can be spun into fiber include herbs and cereal sources. "Weight per unit area" as used herein is the weight per unit area of a sample indicated in pounds / 3000 ft 2 or g / m 2 (g / m 2) and is measured according to the surface mass test method described herein. . The "machine direction" or "SM" as used herein refers to the direction parallel to the flow of the fibrous structure through the fibrous structure manufacturing machine and / or the papermaking product manufacturing equipment. hygienic. The "cross machine direction" or "ST" as used herein refers to the direction parallel to the width of the fibrous structure manufacturing machine and / or the sanitary tissue product manufacturing equipment and perpendicular to the direction of the machine. "Layer" as used herein means an individual fibrous structure, in one piece. "Layers" as used herein means two or more individual, single-piece fibrous structures arranged in a face-to-face relationship substantially contiguous to each other, forming a multilayer fibrous structure and / or a multilayer sanitary tissue product. It is also contemplated that an individual, integral fibrous structure can effectively form a multilayered fibrous structure, for example by being folded on itself. "Surface pattern", with respect to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention, herein means a pattern which is present on at least one surface of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product. The surface pattern may be a textured surface pattern such that the surface of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product comprises protrusions and / or depressions in the context of the surface pattern. For example, the surface pattern may include embossed line elements and / or wet textured line elements. The surface pattern may be a non-textured surface pattern such that the surface of the fibrous structure and / or toilet paper product does not include protrusions and / or depressions in the context of the surface pattern. For example, the surface pattern may be printed on a surface of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product.
[0017] The expression "three-dimensional pattern" in relation to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention, here designates a pattern which is present on at least one surface of the fibrous structure and / or the product of the type toilet paper. The three-dimensional pattern texturizes the surface of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product, for example by imparting protruding portions and / or depressions to the surface. The three-dimensional pattern is fabricated on the surface of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product by producing the sanitary tissue product or at least one fibrous structure jet employed in the sanitary tissue product on a molding member. pattern which communicates the three-dimensional pattern to the sanitary tissue type products and / or fibrous structure jets made thereon. For example, the three-dimensional pattern may comprise a series of line elements, such as a series of line elements that are essentially oriented in the cross-direction of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product. As used herein, the term "line element" refers to a portion of a fibrous structure surface that is in the form of a line, which may be a continuous, distinct, interrupted line and / or partial to a fibrous structure on which it is present. The line element may be of any suitable form such as linear, folded, twisted, curly, curvilinear, sinuous, sinusoidal, and mixtures thereof, which may form a regular or irregular, periodic or non-periodic network of structures in which the line element has a length along its path of at least 2 mm and / or at least 4 mm and / or at least 6 mm and / or at least 1 cm to 30 cm and / or or about 27 cm and / or about 20 cm and / or 15 cm and / or about 10.16 cm and / or about 8 cm and / or about 6 cm and / or about 4 cm. In one example, the line element may comprise a plurality of distinct elements, such as dots and / or lines, for example, which are jointly oriented to form a line element of the present invention. In another example, the line element may comprise a combination of line segments and discrete elements, such as dots and / or lines, for example, which are jointly oriented to form a line element. the present invention.
[0018] The line element may have an aspect ratio greater than 1.5: 1 and / or greater than 1.75: 1 and / or greater than 2: 1 and / or greater than 5: 1 along the path of the line element. In one example, the line element has a length along its path of at least 2 mm and / or at least 4 mm and / or at least 6 mm and / or at least 1 cm to 30 mm. cm about and / or about 27 cm and / or about 20 cm and / or about 15 cm and / or about 10.16 cm and / or about 8 cm and / or about 6 cm and / or about 4 cm. Different line items may have different common intensive properties. For example, different line elements may have different densities and / or weights. In one example, a fibrous structure of the present invention includes a first series of line elements and a second series of line elements. For example, the line elements of the first series of line elements may have the same densities, which are lower than the densities of the line elements of the second series of line elements. In another example, the line elements of the first series of line elements may have the same elevations, which are higher than the elevations of the line elements of the second series of line elements. In another example, the line elements of the first series of line elements may have the same weights, which are smaller than the weights of the line elements of the second series of line elements. In one example, the line element is a rectilinear or essentially straight line element. In another example, the line element is a curvilinear line element, such as a sinusoidal line element. Unless otherwise indicated, the line elements of the present invention are present on a surface of a fibrous structure.
[0019] In one example, the line element and / or component component is continuous or substantially continuous within a fibrous structure, for example in one case, one or more sheets of fibrous structure of 11 cm × 11 cm. The line elements may have different widths on their lengths of their paths, between two or more different line elements and / or the line elements may have different lengths. Different line elements may have different widths and / or lengths along their respective paths. In one example, the surface pattern of the present invention comprises a plurality of parallel line elements. The plurality of parallel line elements may be a series of parallel line elements. In one example, the plurality of parallel line elements may comprise a plurality of parallel sinusoidal line elements. "Embossed" as used herein with respect to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product, means that a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product have been subjected to a process which converts a smooth surface-like, fibrous and / or sanitary tissue product in a decorative surface by replicating a pattern on one or more embossing rolls, which form a line of contact through which the fibrous structure and / or the paper-like product hygienic pass. Embossed paper does not include creping, micro-creping, printing or other processes that can impart texture and / or decorative pattern to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product. In one example, the line elements of the present invention may comprise a wet texture, as formed by wet molding and / or through air drying via a web and / or a printed through air dryer fabric. . In one example, the wet texture line elements are water resistant. The term "water-resistant", in relation to a surface pattern or part thereof, means that a line element and / or pattern comprising the line element retains its structure and / or its integrity after being saturated with water and the line element and / or the pattern is always visible by a consumer. In one example, the line elements and / or the pattern may be water resistant. The term "distinct" in relation to a line element means that a line element has at least one immediate adjacent region of the fibrous structure which is different from the line element. In one example, a plurality of parallel line elements are distinct and / or separate from adjacent parallel line elements by a channel. The channel may have a shape complementary to the parallel line elements. In other words, if the plurality of parallel line elements were straight lines, then the channels separating the parallel line elements would be linear. Similarly, if the plurality of parallel line elements were sinusoidal lines, the channels separating the parallel line elements would be sinusoidal. The channels may have the same widths and / or lengths as the line elements. The term "machine-oriented" as used as a line element means that the line element has a primary direction that is at an angle of less than 45 ° and / or less than 30 ° and / or less at 15 ° and / or less than 5 ° and / or up to about 0 ° relative to the machine direction of the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure jet and / or the sanitary tissue product comprising the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure jet.
[0020] The term "oriented substantially in the cross direction" as used for a line element and / or a series of line elements means that the line element and / or the series of line elements has a direction at an angle less than 20 ° and / or less than 15 ° and / or less than 10 ° and / or less than 5 ° and / or up to about 0 ° with respect to the cross direction of the jet with a fibrous structure at three-dimensional patterns and / or the sanitary tissue product comprising the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer. In one example, the line element and / or the line element series has a primary direction which is at an angle of about 3 ° to about 0 ° to the cross direction of the patterned fibrous structure jet. three-dimensional and / or sanitary tissue product comprising the patterned three dimensional fiber structure jet. As used herein, the term "wet textured" means that a three-dimensional patterned fiber pattern jet comprises a texture (eg, three-dimensional topography) imparted to the fibrous structure and / or the surface of the fibrous structure during a fibrous structure manufacturing process. In one example, in a wet fibrous structure manufacturing method, the wet texture can be imparted to a fibrous structure when the fibers and / or filaments are collected on a collection device which has a three-dimensional (3D) surface that communicates a three-dimensional surface to the fibrous structure which is formed thereon and / or which is transferred to a web and / or a belt, such as a through-air drying cloth and / or a patterned drying belt, comprising a three-dimensional surface which communicates a three-dimensional surface to a fibrous structure which is formed thereon. In one example, the three-dimensional surface-collecting device comprises a patterned substrate, such as a patterned substrate formed by a polymer or resin that is deposited on a base substrate, such as a fabric, in a configuration. patterned. The wet texture imparted to a wet fibrous structure is formed in the fibrous structure before and / or during drying of the fibrous structure. Non-limiting examples of a collection device and / or fabric and / or belts suitable for imparting a wet texture to a fibrous structure include webs and / or belts used in web creping and / or belt creping processes. for example, as described in US Pat. Nos. 7,820,008 and 7,789,995, coarse through air drying webs as used in non-creped through air drying processes, and air drying belts. patterned photocurable resin pattern, for example as described in US Pat. No. 4,637,859. For the purpose of the present invention, the collection device used to impart wet texture to the fibrous structures would include patterns to give the fibrous structures comprising a surface pattern comprising a plurality of parallel line elements in which at least one, two, three, or more, for example, t or the parallel line elements have a non-constant width along the length of the parallel line elements. This is different from a non-wet texture that is imparted to a fibrous structure after the fibrous structure has been dried, for example after the moisture content of the fibrous structure is less than 15% and / or less than 10% and / or less than 5%. An example of a non-wet texture includes embossings imparted to a fibrous structure by embossing rolls during conversion of the fibrous structure. "Unwound" as used herein with respect to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product of the present invention means that the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product is an individual sheet ( for example, not attached to adjacent sheets by perforation lines.
[0021] However, two or more individual sheets may be intertwined with one another (i.e., not coiled around a mandrel or on itself). For example, an unwound product includes a face wipe. "Crepe" as used herein means crimped at the exit of a Yankee or other similar roll and / or fabric creped and / or belt creped. Accelerated transfer alone of a fibrous structure does not result in a "creped" fibrous structure or "creped" sanitary tissue product for purposes of the present invention. The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be single layer or multilayer bathroom tissue products. In other words, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise one or more fibrous structures. In one example, the fibrous structures and / or toilet tissue products of the present invention are made from a plurality of paper pulp fibers, for example, wood pulp fibers and / or other fibers. cellulosic pulp, for example, trichomes. In addition to paper pulp fibers, the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise synthetic fibers and / or filaments. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be creped or uncrimped.
[0022] The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be applied wet or air applied. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be embossed.
[0023] The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise a surface softening agent or be free of a surface softening agent. In one example, the sanitary tissue product is a toilet tissue product not impregnated with lotion. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise trichome fibers and / or may be free of trichome fibers. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention can exhibit the compressibility values alone or in combination with the plate stiffness values with or without the aid of surface softening agents. In other words, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention can have the previously described compressibility values alone or in combination with the plate stiffness values when surface softening agents are not present on the surface. and / or in the sanitary tissue products, in other words, the sanitary tissue product is free of surface softening agents. This does not mean that the sanitary tissue products themselves can not include surface softening agents. This simply means that when the sanitary tissue product is manufactured without adding surface softening agents, the sanitary tissue product exhibits the compressibility and plate stiffness values of the present invention. The addition of a surface softening agent to such a sanitary tissue product within the scope of the present invention (without the need for a surface softening agent or other chemical ) can improve the compressibility and / or the plate stiffness of the sanitary tissue product to a certain extent. However, sanitary tissue products that require the inclusion of surface softening agents on and / or in them to be within the scope of the present invention, in other words to obtain The compressibility and rigidity of the plate of the present invention are outside the scope of the present invention.
[0024] In one example, a fibrous structure comprises a plurality of paper pulp fibers, wherein the fibrous structure is free of continuous seam and wherein the fibrous structure has a machine direction elongation ratio of greater than 2.25 total shrinkage and or greater than 2.3 and / or greater than 2.5 and / or greater than 2.75 and / or greater than 3 as measured by the elongation test method. The fibrous structure of the present invention may have a differential density. For example, the fibrous structure may have low density bearing regions and high density joining regions. In one example, the fibrous structure has high density join regions present in a continuous array pattern and low density pad regions present as individual regions. In another example, the fibrous structure has high density join regions present in a semi-continuous pattern and low density bearing regions present in a semi-continuous pattern.
[0025] In one example, a plurality of the high density join regions of the fibrous structure is oriented essentially in the cross machine direction, such as at less than 20 ° and / or at 10 ° or less and / or at 5 ° or less and / or 3 ° or less and / or about 0 ° with respect to the cross-machine direction of the fibrous structure. In one example, a plurality of the high density join regions comprise curved lines. In another example, a plurality of the high density join regions comprise sinusoidal lines. One or more fibrous structures of the present invention may be used to manufacture a monolayer or multilayer sanitary tissue product of the present invention. Table 1 below shows comparative fibrous structures and / or toilet tissue products that have fully shrunk machine-length elongation ratios outside the scope of the present invention.
[0026] Condition speed speed% overall elongation% machine direction! crepe in the direction% shrinkage forming machine reel (%) total Example -12.00 23.00 1.92 comparative P & G Example 2475.00 2106.00 -14.91 23.00 1.54 comparative P & G Example 2537, 95 2156.58 -15.03 23.33 1.55 comparative P & G Example 3512.77 2812.06 -19.95 26.24 1.32 comparative P & G Example 799.80 650.00 -18.73 34.80 1 Comparative P & G) Table 2 below shows a comparative fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper products that exhibit fully shrink machine direction elongation ratios outside the scope of the present invention. . Condition% of%% Elongation% elongation wet microcontraction overall shrinkage in machine direction /% total shrinkage (TFS) machine (%) total creping (Wet microcontraction + overall creping) Bounty 2009 0,00 6,50 6.50 14.80 2.28 Bounty 2012 15.50 -5.50 10.00 13.07 1.31 Bounty 3.50 7.00 10.50 14.00 1.33 Bounty 3.50 7.00 10.50 15.90 1.51 Bounty Rinse & Reuse -1.50 4.00 2.50 12.90 5.16 2.00 4.00 6.00 12.90 2.15 Bounty 3.50 7, 00 10.50 15.99 1.52 Bounty 1.50 4.00 2.50 10.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 10.00 1.67 Bounty 1.50 4.00 2,50 13,50 5,40 2,00 4,00 6,00 13,50 2,25 Bounty Rinse & Reuse -1,50 4,00 2,50 14,60 5,84 2,00 4,00 6.00 14.60 2.43 Bounty 3.00 6.50 9.50 19.18 2.02 Bounty 1.50 7.50 6.00 17.60 2.93 The bathroom tissue products of this The invention and / or the fibrous structure layers employed in the sanitary tissue products of the present invention are formed on patterned molding members, e.g. air-flow drying members such as air-flow drying fabrics and / or air-flow drying belts, which provide the fibrous structures and / or toilet paper products of the present invention. In one example, the patterned molding member comprises a non-random repeating pattern. In another example, the patterned molding member comprises a resin pattern. A "reinforcing element" may be a desirable (but not necessary) element in some examples of the molding member, primarily serving to provide or facilitate the integrity, stability, and durability of the molding member including, for example, a resin material. The reinforcing member may be liquid permeable or partially liquid pervious, may have a variety of embodiments and weave patterns, and may include a variety of materials, such as, for example, a plurality of interlaced yarns ( including Jacquard woven fabrics and the like), felt, plastic, other suitable synthetic material, or any combination thereof. As illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2C, a non-limiting example of a patterned molding member suitable for use in the present invention includes an air-circulating drying belt 10. The air-circulating drying belt 10 comprises a plurality of semicontinuous joins 24 formed by semi-continuous resin line segments 26 arranged in a non-random repeating pattern, for example, a repeating pattern essentially in the cross-machine direction of supported semi-continuous lines on a support fabric comprising filaments 27. In this case, the semi-continuous lines are curvilinear, for example, sinusoidal. Semi-continuous seams 24 are spaced from adjacent continuous seams 24 by semi-continuous bearings 28, which constitute deflection conduits in which portions of a layer of fibrous structure are deflected on the circulating drying belt. air of Figures 2A-2C. As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a resultant toilet paper product 18 being manufactured on the air-flow drying belt 10 of FIGS. 2A-2C comprises semi-continuous bearing regions 30 communicated by the semi-continuous bushings. 28 of the air-flow drying belt 10 of FIGS. 2A-2C. The sanitary tissue product 18 further includes semi-continuous joint regions 32 imparted by the semi-continuous seams 24 of the air-flow drying belt 10 of Figures 2A-2C. The semicontinuous pad regions 30 and the semicontinuous seam regions 32 may have different densities, for example, one or more of the semicontinuous seam regions 32 may have a density that is greater than the density. of one or more semi-continuous bearing regions 30. Without being bound by theory, shrinkage (wet and dry creping, tissue creping, accelerated transfer, etc.) is an integral part of fibrous structure fabrication. and / or sanitary tissue type, helping to produce the desired compromise of strength, elongation, softness, absorbency, etc. Support members, transport and molding of fibrous structure used in the papermaking process, such as rolls, webs, felts, fabrics, belts, etc. have been variously shaped to interact with the narrowing so as to further control the properties of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product. In the past, it has been thought that it is advantageous to avoid strongly dominant cross-seam designs that result in machine-direction oscillations of shrinkage forces. However, it has been unexpectedly found that the molding member of Figs. 2A-2C provides a patterned molding member having dominant, semi-continuous, cross-directional joints which provide better control of the molding and stretching of the mold. fibrous structure while overcoming the negative aspects of the past. Non-limiting Examples of Manufacture of Sanitary Paper Products The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be manufactured by any suitable papermaking process so long as a molding member of the present invention is used for manufacturing the sanitary tissue product or at least one fibrous structure layer of the sanitary tissue product and the sanitary tissue product having the compressibility and plate stiffness values of the present invention. The method may be a sanitary tissue product manufacturing method that uses a cylindrical dryer such as a Yankee (a Yankee process) or it may be a non-Yankee process such as is used to manufacture fibrous structures and / or hygienic tissue products of substantially uniform and / or uncrimped density. Alternatively, the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products may be manufactured by an air jet process and / or melt blown and / or spunbond processes and any combination thereof. provided that the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention are made therefrom.
[0027] As illustrated in Figure 4, an example of a method and equipment, represented by 36 for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention includes providing an aqueous dispersion of fibers (a fibrous manufacturing composition or fiber slurry) at an arrival box 38 which can be of any advantageous design. From the headbox 38, the aqueous fiber dispersion is delivered to a first porous member 40 which is typically a Fourdrinier web, to produce an embryonic fibrous structure 42. The first porous member 40 may be supported by a roll of head 44 and a plurality of return rollers 46 of which only two are shown. The first porous member 40 may be propelled in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 48 by drive means, not shown. Optional auxiliary units and / or devices commonly associated with fibrous structure-making machines and the first porous element 40, but not shown, include marbles, drips, suction boxes, tension rollers, support rollers, canvas cleaning showers, and the like.
[0028] After the aqueous fiber dispersion is deposited on the first porous member 40, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 is formed, typically by removing a portion of the aqueous dispersion medium by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Suction boxes, marbles, squeegees, and the like are useful for effecting the removal of water. The embryonic fibrous structure 42 can move with the first porous member 40 around the return roller 46 and is brought into contact with a patterned molding member 50, such as a three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt. While in contact with the patterned molding member 50, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 will be deflected, rearranged and / or further dehydrated. This can be achieved by applying differential speeds and / or pressures.
[0029] The patterned molding member 50 may be in the form of an endless belt. In this simplified representation, the patterned molding member 50 passes near and around patterned molding member return rollers 52 and print pinch roller 54 and is movable in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 56. Associated with the patterned molding member 50, but not illustrated, there may be various support rollers, other return rollers, cleaning means, drive means, and the like known to those skilled in the art, which may be be commonly used in fibrous structure manufacturing machines. After the embryonic fibrous structure 42 has been associated with the patterned molding member 50, the fibers within the embryonic fibrous structure 42 are deflected into the pads and / or a network of pads ("deflection lines") present in the In one example of this process step, there is substantially no removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 through the deflection conduits after the embryonic fibrous structure 42 has been removed. associated with the patterned molding member 50, but before the deflection of the fibers in the deflection conduits. Additional water removal from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 may occur during and / or after the moment the fibers are being deflected into the deflection conduits. The removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 may continue until the consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 associated with the patterned molding member 50 is increased from about 25% to about 35%. Once this consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 is obtained, then the embryonic fibrous structure 42 may be referred to as the intermediate fibrous structure 58. During the process of forming the embryonic fibrous structure 42, sufficient water may be removed, as an uncompressed method, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 before it associates with the patterned molding member 50 so that the consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 can range from about 10% to about 30%.
[0030] While the applicants refuse to be bound to any particular theory of operation, it appears that the deflection of the fibers into the embryonic fibrous structure and the removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure begin substantially at the same time. Embodiments may, however, be contemplated wherein the deflection and water removal are sequential operations. Under the influence of the applied fluid differential pressure, for example, the fibers may be deflected in the deflection conduit with joint reordering of the fibers. Water removal can occur with continued reordering of the fibers. The deflection of the fibers, and the embryonic fibrous structure, can cause an apparent increase in the area of the embryonic fibrous structure. In addition, the reordering of the fibers may appear to cause reordering in the spaces or capillaries existing between and / or among the fibers. It is believed that fiber reordering may take one of two modes depending on a number of factors such as, for example, fiber length. The free ends of the long fibers may be folded only in the space defined by the deflection conduit while the opposite ends are constrained in the region of the ridges. The shorter fibers, on the other hand, can actually be transported from the peak region into the deflection conduit (the fibers in the deflection conduits will also be rearranged relative to each other). Of course, it is possible for either of the reordering modes to occur simultaneously. As noted, water removal occurs both during and after deflection; this removal of water can cause a decrease in mobility of the fibers in the embryonic fibrous structure. This decrease in fiber mobility may tend to fix and / or freeze fibers in place after they have been deflected and rearranged. Of course, drying the fibrous structure at a later stage in the process of the present invention serves to secure and / or more firmly freeze the fibers in position. Any advantageous means known in a conventional manner in the papermaking art can be used to dry the intermediate fibrous structure 58. Examples of such an appropriate drying method include subjecting the intermediate fibrous structure 58 to conventional and / or circulating dryers and / or scrubbers. In one example of a drying process, the intermediate fibrous structure 58 in association with the patterned molding member 50 passes around the patterned molding member return roller 52 and moves in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 56. The intermediate fibrous structure 58 can first pass through an optional pre-dryer 60. This pre-dryer 60 may be a conventional circulation dryer (hot air dryer) well known to those skilled in the art. Optionally, the pre-dryer 60 may be a so-called capillary dewatering apparatus. In such an apparatus, the intermediate fibrous structure 58 passes over a sector of a cylinder having pores of preferential capillary size through its porous cylindrical cover. Optionally, the pre-dryer 60 may be a combination of a capillary dewatering apparatus and a circulation dryer. The amount of water removed in the pre-dryer 60 can be controlled so that a pre-dried fibrous structure 62 leaving the pre-dryer 60 has a consistency of from about 30% to about 98%. The pre-dried fibrous structure 62, which may still be associated with the patterned molding member 50, may pass around another patterned molding member return roll 52 as it moves toward a printing pinch roller. 54. As the pre-dried fibrous structure 62 passes through the nip formed between impression nip roll 54 and a surface of a Yankee 64, the pattern formed by the upper surface 66 of the patterned molding member 50 is The marked fibrous structure 68 may then adhere to the surface of the Yankee 64 where it may be dried to a consistency of at least about 95%. The three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure 68 may then be creped by shrinking the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 68 with a crepe blade 70 to remove the three dimensional patterned fiber structure 68 from the surface of the Yankee 64 by driving the production of a structure. three-dimensional patterned creped fibrous material 72 according to the present invention. As used herein, narrowing refers to the reduction in length of a dry fibrous structure (having a consistency of at least about 90% and / or at least about 95%) that occurs when energy is applied to the dry fibrous structure in such a way that the length of the fibrous structure is reduced and the fibers in the fibrous structure are rearranged with joint dislocation of the fiber-fiber bonds. Shrinkage can be accomplished in any of several well-known ways. A common method of shrinking is creping. The creped three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure 72 may be subjected to post-processing steps such as calendering, tufting operations, and / or embossing and / or conversion. Another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary tissue products of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 illustrates an uncreped air circulation drying method. In this example, a multilayered headbox 74 deposits an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers between forming webs 76 and 78 so as to form an embryonic fibrous structure 80. The embryonic fibrous structure 80 is transferred to a tissue. Slow motion transfer 82 with the aid of at least one suction box 84. The vacuum level used for fibrous structure transfers can range from about 10 to about 51 kilopascals (about 3 to about 15 inches of mercury ( 76 to about 381 millimeters of mercury)). The suction box 84 (negative pressure) can be supplemented or replaced by the use of positive pressure from the opposite side of the embryonic fibrous structure 80 to blow the embryonic fibrous structure 80 onto the following tissue in addition to or in replacement of its suction on the next fabric with vacuum. In addition, one or more suction rollers may be used to replace the suction box (s) 84.
[0031] The embryonic fibrous structure 80 is then transferred to a molding member 50 of the present invention, such as an air-circulating drying fabric, and sent to air-flow dryers 86 and 88 to dry the fibrous structure. embryo 80 to form a three dimensional patterned fibrous structure 90. While supported by the molding member 50, the three dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 is finally dried to a consistency of about 94% percent or more. After drying, the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 is transferred from the molding member 50 to the tissue 92 and then briefly interposed between the fabrics 92 and 94. The dried three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 remains with the fabric 94 until it is wound at reel 96 ("mother reel") as a finished fiber structure. Subsequently, the finished three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 may be unwound, calendered, and converted to the sanitary tissue product of the present invention, such as a toilet paper roll, in any suitable manner. Yet another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary tissue products of the present invention is shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 illustrates a papermaking machine 98 having a conventional fabric forming section. 100, a felt passage section 102, a shoe press section 104, a molding member section 106, in this case a section of crepe fabric, and a Yankee section 108 suitable for practicing the present invention. invention. The forming section 100 includes a pair of forming fabrics 110 and 112 supported by a plurality of rollers 114 and a forming roll 116. An end box 118 provides a paper making composition at a nip 120 between the forming roll 116 and the roll 114 and the fabrics 110 and 112. The manufacturing composition forms an embryonic fibrous structure 122 which is dehydrated on the fabrics 110 and 112 with the assistance of vacuum, for example, by means of the suction box 124. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is advanced to a paper making felt 126 which is supported by a plurality of rollers 114 and the felt 126 is in contact with a shoe press roll 128. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is weak. consistency when transferred to felt 126. Transfer may be assisted by vacuum; as by a suction roll if desired or a grip or suction sole, as is known in the art. As the embryonic fibrous structure 122 reaches the shoe press roll 128, it can have a consistency of 10 to 25% when it enters the shoe press contact line 130 between the shoe press roll 128 and the transfer roller 132. The transfer roller 132 may be a heated roller, if desired. Instead of a shoe press roll 128, it could be a conventional suction pressure roll. If a shoe press roll 128 is employed, it is desirable that the roll 114 immediately before the shoe press roll 128 is an effective suction roll to remove water from the felt 126 before the felt 126 enters the line. the shoe press contact 130 as the water from the manufacturing composition will be pressed into the felt 126 in the shoe press contact line 130. In any case, the use of a roll Aspiration at the roller 114 is typically desirable to ensure that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 remains in contact with the felt 126 during the change of direction, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the diagram. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is wet pressed onto the felt 126 in the shoe press contact line 130 with the assistance of the pressing shoe 134. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is thus dehydrated compactly at the nip shoe press 130, typically increasing the consistency of 15 points or more at this stage of the process. The configuration shown at the shoe press line 130 is generally referred to as a shoe press; in connection with the present invention, the transfer roller 132 is operative as a transfer cylinder which functions to transport the embryonic fibrous structure 122 at high speed, typically from 5.08 meters / second (m / s) to 30.5 m / s (1,000 feet / minute (feet per minute) to 6000 feet per minute) to the patterned molding member section 106 of the present invention, for example, a section of air-flow drying fabric , also referred to in this process as a section of crepe fabric. The transfer roll 132 has a smooth transfer roll surface 136 which may be provided with adhesive and / or release agents, as needed. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 adheres to the transfer roller surface 136 which rotates at a high angular velocity as the embryonic fibrous structure 122 continues to advance in the machine direction indicated by the arrows 138. On the transfer roller 132 the embryonic fibrous structure 122 has an apparent random distribution of fiber.
[0032] The embryonic fibrous structure 122 enters the shoe press line 130 typically at 10 to 25% consistencies and is dehydrated and dried at consistencies ranging from about 25 to about 70% when it is transferred to the limb. In this case, the molding material 140 is a patterned crepe fabric, as illustrated in the diagram.
[0033] The molding member 140 is supported on a plurality of rollers 114 and a press nip roll 142 and forms a molding member contact line 144, for example, a fabric crepe nip, with the transfer roller 132. as illustrated. The molding member 140 defines a crepe nip on the distance in which the molding member 140 is adapted to contact the transfer roller 132; i.e., applies significant pressure to the embryonic fibrous structure 122 against the transfer roller 132. For this purpose, a support press pinch roller (or crepe) 142 may be provided with a flexible deformable surface which will increase the length of the crepe nip and increase the tissue creping angle between the molding member 140 and the embryonic fibrous structure 122 and the contact point or shoe press roller could be used as a nip roll. 142 to increase effective contact with the embryonic fibrous structure 122 in a high impact molding member 144 where the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is transferred to the molding member 140 and advanced in the machine direction 138. Using different equipment at the of the molding member contact line 144, it is possible to adjust the tissue creping angle or the withdrawal angle of the membrane contact line Accordingly, it is possible to influence the nature and amount of fiber delamination / detachment redistribution that can occur at the molding member contact line 144 by adjusting these contact line parameters. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to restructure the inter-fiber characteristics in the z-direction, while in other cases it may be desired to influence the properties only in the plane of the fibrous structure. The spacing parameters of the molding member can influence the fiber distribution in the fiber structure in a variety of directions, including inducing changes in the z direction as well as in the machine direction and the cross direction. In any case, transfer of the transfer roller to the molding member is a high impact in that the tissue moves more slowly than the fibrous structure and a significant change in velocity occurs. Typically, the fibrous structure is creped anywhere from 10 to 60% or more, during transfer of the transfer roll to the molding member. The molding member contact line 144 generally extends over a molding member spacing distance of from about 0.32 cm to about 5 cm, typically from about 1.3 cm to about 5 cm. 8 "to about 2", typically 1/2 "to 2"). For a molding member 140, for example, a crepe fabric, with 32 threads in the cross direction by 2.5 cm (per inch), the embryonic fibrous structure 122 will thus meet anywhere from about 4 to 64 filaments. in the molding member gap 144. The contact pressure in the molding member contact line 144, i.e. the loading between the roller 142 and the transfer roller 132 is from 3.5 to 17.5 kilonewtons per meter (kN / m) (20 to 100 pounds per linear inch (PLI)). After passing through the molding contact line 144 and, for example, tissue creping of the embryonic fibrous structure 122, a three dimensional patterned fibrous structure 146 continues to advance along the machine direction 138 where it undergoes wet pressing on a Yankee (dryer) 148 in the transfer nip 150. Transfer to the nip 150 occurs at a consistency of the three dimensional patterned fiber structure 146 generally ranging from about 25 to about 70 %. At these consistencies, it is difficult to adhere the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure 146 to the Yankee surface 152 sufficiently firmly to vigorously remove the three dimensional patterned fiber structure 146 from the molding member 140. This aspect of the process is important, particularly when it is desired to use a high speed drying cap, as well as maintain high impact creping conditions. In this regard, it should be noted that conventional air circulation drying methods do not use high velocity copings since sufficient adhesion to the Yankee is not achieved. It has been found, according to the present invention, that the use of particular adhesives cooperates with a moderately moist fibrous structure (25 to 70% consistency) to adhere it sufficiently to the Yankee to allow high speed operation of the system and contact air drying at high jet speed. In this regard, a polyvinyl alcohol / polyamide adhesive composition as set forth above is applied at 154, as needed. The three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure is dried on the Yankee roller 148 which is a heated cylinder and high velocity jet contact air in the Yankee hood 156. As the Yankee roller 148 rotates, the fiber structure three-dimensional patterns 146 is creped from the frothing roll 148 by the crepe squeegee 158 and is wound on a winding roll 160. The creping of the paper from a Yankee can be performed using an oscillating creping blade, such as that described in US Patent No. 5,690,788. It has been shown that the use of the oscillating creping blade provides several advantages when used in the production of absorbent paper products. In general, paper towels absorbed by an oscillating blade have a greater thickness, increased elongation in the cross direction, and a higher void volume than comparable paper towel products. using conventional crepe blades. All of these changes made by the use of the oscillating blade tend to correlate with an improved perception of softness of the tissue paper products. When a wet creping process is employed, a contact air dryer, an air dryer, or a plurality of drum dryers may be used instead of a Yankee. Contact air dryers are described in the following patents and applications: U.S. Patent No. 5,865,955 to Ilvespaaet et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,968,590 to Ahonen et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,001,421. Ahonen et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,119,362 to Sundqvist et al., US Patent Application Serial No. No. 09 / 733,172, entitled Wet Crepe, Impingement-Air Dry Process for Making Absorbent Sheet, now US Patent No. 6,432,267. A circulating drying unit as is well known in the art is described in US Pat. 3,432,936 to Cole et al and US Pat. No. 5,851,353 which discloses a drum drying system. FIG. 7 shows a papermaking machine 98, similar to FIG. 7, to be used in connection with the present invention. The papermaking machine 98 is a machine with three fabric loops having a forming section 100, generally referred to in the art as a crescent former. The forming section 100 includes a forming wire 162 supported by a plurality of rollers such as the rollers 114. The forming section 100 also includes a forming roll 166, which supports the paper making felt 126, so that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is formed directly on the felt 126. The felt passage 102 extends to a shoe press section 104 in which the wet embryonic fibrous structure 122 is deposited on a transfer roll 132 (also referred to as sometimes support roll), as previously described. Subsequently, the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is creped onto the molding member 140, such as a crepe fabric, in the mold member contact line 144 before being deposited on the Yankee 148 in another line of molding. press contact 150. The papermaking machine 98 may include a suction revolving roll, in some embodiments; however, the three-loop system can be configured in various ways in which a rotating roll is not required. This feature is particularly important in connection with the reconstruction of a paper machine in that the expense of relocating the associated equipment, ie pulping or fiber processing equipment and / or bulky and expensive drying equipment, such as the Yankee or the plurality of drum dryers, would make the reconstruction cost prohibitive, unless the improvements could be designed to be compatible with the existing installation.
[0034] Figure 8 shows another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary tissue products of the present invention. Figure 8 illustrates a papermaking machine 98 for use in connection with the present invention. The papermaking machine 98 is a machine with three fabric loops having a forming section 100, generally referred to in the art as a crescent former. The forming section 100 includes an end box 118 depositing a manufacturing composition on the forming wire 110 supported by a plurality of rollers 114. The forming section 100 also includes a forming roll 166, which supports the manufacturing felt of the paper 126, such that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is formed directly on the felt 126. The felt passage 102 extends to a shoe press section 104 in which the wet embryonic fibrous structure 122 is deposited on a transfer roller 132 and undergoes wet pressing simultaneously with the transfer. Subsequently, the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is transferred to the molding member section 106, being transferred to and / or creped on the molding member 140 of the present invention, for example, a circulating drying belt. air, in the molding member contact line 144, for example, a belt crepe contact line, before being optionally drawn by the vacuum by the suction box 168, then deposited on the Yankee 148 in another line contacting the press 150 using a creping adhesive, as indicated above. Transferring to a Yankee machine from the crepe belt differs from conventional transfers in a conventional wet press (CWP) ranging from a felt to a Yankee machine. In a CWP process, the pressures in the transfer contact line may be plus or minus 87.6 kN / meter (500 PLI), and the pressurized contact area between the Yankee surface and the fibrous structure is close to , or equal to, 100%. The pressure roller may be a suction roll which may have a P & J hardness of 25-30. On the other hand, a belt creping method of the present invention typically involves transferring to a Yankee machine with 4 to 40% pressurized contact area between the fibrous structure and the Yankee surface at a pressure of 43.8 ° C. 61.3 kN / meter (250 to 350 PLI). No suction is applied in the transfer contact line, and a softer pressure roll is used, hardness P & J 35-45. The papermaking machine may include a suction roll, in some embodiments; however, the three-loop system can be configured in various ways in which a rotating roll is not required. This characteristic is particularly important in connection with the reconstruction of a paper machine in so far as the expenditure of relocation of the equipment has been associated, that is to say, the arrival crate, the equipment of placing pulp or fiber treatment and / or bulky and expensive drying equipment, such as the Yankee or the plurality of tumble dryers, would make the cost of reconstruction prohibitive, unless the improvements could be designed to be compatible with the existing installation. The following example illustrates a non-limiting example for a preparation of a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention on a Fourdrinier fibrous structure manufacturing machine (papermaking) on a pilot scale. An aqueous slurry of eucalyptus pulp fibers (Fibria Brazilian bleached hardwood bgis kraft pulp) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the fiber feed box. hardwood. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood box is pumped through a feed line to a hardwood mix pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced by about 3% by weight. fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and evenly distributed in the upper and lower chambers of a three-chamber, multi-ply feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. In addition, an aqueous slurry of NSK paper pulp (Northern Softwood Kraft) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the wood fiber feed box. conifers. The NSK fiber slurry from the coniferous wood supply box is pumped through a feed pipe to be refined to a Canadian Standardized Freeness Index (CSF) of about 630. The refined NSK fiber slurry is then directed to the NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then directed and distributed in the central chamber of a multi-ply, three-chambered box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. In order to impart temporary moisture resistance to the finished fiber structure, a 1% dispersion of temporary wet reinforcement additive (eg Parez® marketed by Kemira) is prepared and added to the fiber feed conduit. NSK at a rate sufficient to deliver 0.3% temporary wet strength additive based on the dry weight of the NSK fibers.
[0035] The absorption of the temporary wet reinforcing additive is improved by passing the treated slurry through an in-line mixer. The wet-laid paper making machine has a layered checkbox having an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber where the chambers feed directly onto the forming wire (Fourdrinier canvas). The eucalyptus fiber slurry of 0.15% consistency is directed to the top checkout and the lower checkout box. The NSK fiber slurry is directed to the central cashbox. The three fiber layers are simultaneously delivered in superimposed relationship to the Fourdrinier web so as to form a three-layered embryonic fibrous (band) structure, of which about 33% of the upper side is eucalyptus fibers, about 33%. % is made of eucalyptus fibers on the lower side and about 34% consists of NSK fibers in the center. The dehydration is carried out through the Fourdrinier canvas and is assisted by a baffle and suction cups table cloth. The Fourdrinier canvas is an 84M (84 out of 76 5A, Albany International). The speed of the Fourdrinier canvas is approximately 4.06 meters per second (m / s) (800 feet per minute). The fibrous structure of the embryonic web is transferred from the Fourdrinier web at a fiber consistency of about 16 to 20% at the transfer point onto a three-dimensional patterned air-flow drying belt as shown in FIGS. Figures 2A-2C. The speed of the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is identical to the speed of the Fourdrinier fabric. The three-dimensional patterned air-drying belt is designed to provide a fibrous structure as illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3D, comprising a pattern of semi-continuous low density pad regions and joining regions to high density semi-continuous. This three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is formed by casting an impermeable resin surface over a fiber mesh backing fabric as shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C. The support fabric is a fine double-layered lattice of 98 x 52 filaments. The thickness of the cast resin is about 0.33 millimeters (13 mils) above the support fabric. Further dehydration of the fibrous structure is accomplished by vacuum assisted drainage until the fibrous structure has a fiber consistency of about 20% to 30%.
[0036] While remaining in contact with the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt, the fibrous structure is pre-dried by a blast of air through pre-dryers to a fiber consistency of about 50 to 65% by weight. . After the dryers, the semi-dry fibrous structure is transferred to the Yankee and adheres to the surface of the Yankee with a vaporized creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with the active ingredients consisting of about 80% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 88-50), about 20% CREPETROL® 457T20. CREPETROL® 457T20 is marketed by Ashland (formerly Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, DE). The creping adhesive is delivered to the Yankee surface at a rate of about 0.15% adhesive solids based on the dry weight of the fibrous structure. The fiber consistency is increased to about 97% before the fibrous structure is creped dry from the Yankee with a doctor blade. The doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 25 ° and is positioned relative to the Yankee to provide an impact angle of about 81 °. The Yankee is used at a temperature of about 135 ° C (275 ° F) and a speed of about 4.06 m / s (800 feet per minute). The fibrous structure is rolled into a roll (master roll) using a surface-driven reel drum having a peripheral speed of about 3.53 m / s (695 feet per minute). Two mother rolls of the fibrous structure are then converted to a sanitary tissue product by loading the fibrous structure roll into a unwinding support. The production speed is 2.03 m / s (400 ft / min). A stock reel of the fibrous structure is unwound and transported on an embossing support where the fibrous structure is contracted to form the embossing pattern in the fibrous structure and then combined with the fibrous structure from the other stock to produce a multilayer sanitary tissue product (2 layers). The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported on a slotted auger through which a surface chemical can be applied. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported to a winder where it is wound on a mandrel to form a spool. The multilayer sanitary tissue product reel is then transported to a reel saw where the reel is cut into finished rolls of multilayer sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary paper product of this example has a machine direction elongation ratio of greater than 2.25 and even greater than 2.5 as measured by the elongation test method described herein. Test Procedures Unless otherwise specified, all tests described herein including those described under the Definitions section and the following test procedures are performed on samples that have been conditioned in a conditioned room at a temperature of 23 ° C ± 1, 0 ° C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 2% for a minimum of 2 hours before the test. The tested samples are "usable units". "Usable units" as used herein refers to sheets, flat portions from a roll stock, pre-processed flat portions, and / or monolayer or multilayer products. All tests are performed in such a conditioned room. Do not test samples that have defects such as creases, tears, holes, and the like. All instruments are calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications.
[0037] Surface Mass Test Method The basis weight of a sample of fibrous structure and / or sanitary tissue product is measured by selecting twelve (12) usable units of the fibrous structure and making two stacks of six (6) usable units. each. If perforations or folds are present, keep them aligned on the same side when stacking usable units. A precision knife is used to cut each stack into exactly 8.89 cm x 8.89 cm + or - 0.0089 cm (3.500 "x 3.500" + or 0.0035 ") squares of tolerance in each dimension. The two stacks of chopped canes are combined to make a twelve (12) square-thick pile of surface density.
[0038] The stack is then weighed on a top loading scale with a resolution of 0.001g. The top loading scale must be protected from drafts and other disturbances by using a draft protection screen. Weights are recorded when the measurements on the top load balance become constant. The basis weight is calculated as follows: Area weight (pounds / 3000 sq. Ft.) = Weight of the mass per unit weight (g) / [453.6 g / lb. x 12 usable units] / [12.25 pot (which is surface area pie area) / 144 pot / ft2] x 3000 Mass per unit area = Weight of the mass per unit area (g) x 10,000 cm2 / m2 (g / m2) 79,0321 cm2 (Area of the pile of mass per unit area) x 12 (usable units) Give the result at plus or minus 0.1 (pounds / 3000 ft2 or g / m2) The dimensions of the sample can be varied or varied using a similar precision knife such as previously mentioned, provided that at least 645 cm2 (100 square inches) (accurate to +/- 0.65 cm2 (0.1 square inches)) of sample area is measured and weighed on a calibrated scale top loading with a resolution of 0.001g or smaller, as previously described. Test Procedures for Tensile Strength, Elongation, Breakdown Energy, and Modulus Four usable unit stacks are prepared using five samples in each stack. If the samples have a machine direction and a cross direction, then the samples in two stacks are oriented in the same way with respect to the machine direction and two stacks are oriented in the same way with respect to the cross direction. (Fibrous structures that are devoid of machine direction / cross direction orientation are used without this distinction). The sample size must be sufficient for the tests described below. Two of the batteries are marked for the machine direction test and two for the cross direction. A total of 8 strips were obtained by cutting 4 machine-direction and 4 cross-section samples 2.54 cm (1.00 ") wide and at least 13 cm (5") long. A constant-speed extension tensile tester with a computer interface () (such as EJA Vantage of Thwing-Albert Instrument Co. of West Berlin, New Jersey) equipped with 2 flat-faced steel pneumatic grippers. , 5 cm (1 inch), powered by air pressure of 0.41 +/- 0.014 MPa (60 +/- 2 psi). The instrument is calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications. If a slip of a sample is observed in the clamps, then increase the clamping pressure and test a new sample. The crosshead speed is set to 10.16 cm / min (4.00 inches / min). The reference length is set to 10.2 centimeters (4.00 inches). The other software parameters of the instrument are defined as follows: the breaking sensitivity is set to 50% (that is, the test is completed when the force drops to 50% of its maximum force peak) , the sample width is set to 2.54 centimeters (1.00 inches), and the pretensioning force is set to 0.11 Newton (11.12 grams). The data acquisition rate is set at 20 points / second for both force (g) and displacement (inches) data. The load cell on the instrument is first zeroed and the crosshead position is set to zero. A sample strip (2.5 cm (1 inch) wide over the thickness of 1 usable unit) is first clamped into the upper clamp of the tensile tester, which is followed by tightening of the sample in the lower clamp, with the long dimension of the sample strip placed parallel to the sides of the tensile tester and centered in the clamps. At least approximately 1.3 cm (0.5 inches) of sample should be squeezed into the upper and lower clamps as measured from the front of the clamp. If more than 0.05 Newton (5 grams of force) is observed immediately after both clamps are closed, then the sample is too tight, and must be replaced with a new one. sample. The sample is too loose if, after 3 seconds after the start of the test, less than 0.01 Newton (1 gram of force) or less is recorded. After the sample is loaded, the pull program is started. The test is completed after the sample breaks and the recorded tensile force drops to 50% of its peak value. When the test is complete, the following calculations are performed on the force recorded data (g) relative to the displacement (inches), for both the machine-direction and cross-machine tests. Peak tensile strength is the maximum force recorded during the test, indicated in force per unit of sample width, (g / po to plus or minus 0.004 N / cm (1 g / in)). In order to calculate the maximum elongation, the breaking energy, and the modulus, the collected displacement data values are used to calculate deformation values. The initial position of the crossmember is the zero displacement position. The travel distance data point at which the traction force exceeds the pre-tension force (i.e., the travel distance just after 0.11 Newtons (11.12 g)) is referred to as the displacement. pre-tension (in). The adjusted reference length is defined as the sum of the reference length (in this case 10.2 centimeters (4.00 inches)) and pre-tension displacement, and it also defines the point of zero strain. Absolute deformation values are calculated by dividing the measured displacement values (po) by the adjusted reference length (po). The absolute strain can be converted to% deformation by multiplying by 100. The maximum elongation is measured as the percentage of deformation at the point of maximum force (units in%).
[0039] The fracture energy is calculated by integrating the area under the tensile force (g) versus displacement (inch) curve from zero displacement to maximum force displacement and dividing by the product. the adjusted reference length (in.) and the width of the sample (2.54 cm (1.00 in)). The breaking energy units are g * po / in2 (which can be converted to g * cm / cm2 as needed).
[0040] The modulus is defined here as the tangent slope of the force data versus strain at 0.37 Newton (38.1 gram-force). It is calculated by linear regression of 11 data collection points, centered at the first data point recorded just after the tensile force exceeds 1.87 N (0.37 N x 5 layers) (190.5 g (38, 1 gx 5 layers)), including the following 5 points, as well as the previous 5 points (to give a total of 11 points). The slope of this linear regression gives the tangent slope with units of force divided by the unit sample width deflection (2.54 cm), i.e., g / cm. (If there are not five points before 0.37 N (38.1 g), increase the data sampling rate) 3 additional samples are tested in the same way. The average of the results of the 4 samples in the machine direction is determined, and the average of the results of the 4 cross-section samples is determined in terms of the calculation of the maximum load, the maximum elongation, the breaking energy and the module. The additional calculated terms are shown below. Calculations: Total Dry Tensile Strength (TDT) = Maximum Tensile Load in Machine Direction (g / in) + Maximum Tensile Load in Cross Direction (g / in) Total Module = Module in Machine Direction (g / cm *% at 15 g / cm) + modulus in the cross direction (g / cm *% at 15 g / cm) The stress (tensile) / strain (elongation) analysis for each of the samples was carried out with unprocessed fibrous structures (unfinished fibrous structures). Regression Curves and Orthogonal Slopes The data used to generate the orthogonal slopes for each of the samples includes tensile and elongation starting at 1% elongation and ending at maximum load elongation.
[0041] In addition, the curves representing the module characteristic between the pairs of samples used the same data set mentioned above. The constraint / strain data point module for each of the samples was calculated as follows: E = s / e Where: ^ E = modulus ^ s = tensile (stress) 20 - e = elongation (deformation) Note: The calculation Previous is actually the Young's modulus which indicates: E = Strain of tension = s = F / A0 = F L0 Strain strain C AL / Lo Ao AL 25 Where: E is the Young's modulus (modulus of elasticity) F is the force exerted on an object under tension; Ao is the initial cross-sectional area across which force is applied AL is the value by which the length of the object changes; Lo is the initial length of the object. The dimensions and values described here should not be understood as strictly limited to the exact numerical values quoted. Instead, unless otherwise indicated, each such dimension means both the quoted value and the functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension described as "40 mm" means "about 40 mm". The citation of any document is not an admission that it is a prior art in relation to any invention described or claimed herein or that alone, or in any combination with any any other reference or reference, it teaches, proposes or describes any such invention. Furthermore, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in any other document, the meaning or definition attributed to that term in this document document will have to prevail. While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended, therefore, to cover in the appended claims all such variations and modifications which belong to the scope of the present invention.

权利要求:
Claims (16)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. A fibrous structure comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, characterized in that the fibrous structure is characterized by one of the following properties: a. the fibrous structure is devoid of a continuous seam and the fibrous structure has a machine direction elongation ratio of greater than 2.25 as measured by the elongation test method; b. the fibrous structure comprises a pattern of high density semi-continuous joint regions and a pattern of low density semi-continuous bearing regions, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a machine direction elongation ratio over a greater total shrinkage at 2.25, as measured by the elongation test method; and c. the fibrous structure has a process-induced shrinkage of 0% or more, wherein the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction of total shrinkage greater than 2.5, as measured by the elongation test method .
[0002]
The fibrous structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibrous structure has a machine-in-length elongation ratio of greater than 2.3, as measured by the elongation test method.
[0003]
A fibrous structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fibrous structure has a machine direction elongation ratio of greater than 2.5 as measured by the elongation test method.
[0004]
A fibrous structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibrous structure has a machine direction elongation ratio of greater than 2.75 as measured by the elongation test method. .
[0005]
A fibrous structure as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction over total shrinkage greater than 3, as measured by the elongation test method.
[0006]
6. fibrous structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibrous structure has a differential density.
[0007]
A fibrous structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibrous structure has low density bearing regions and high density joining regions.
[0008]
A fibrous structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibrous structure has high density joint regions present in a continuous network pattern and low density bearing regions present as individual regions.
[0009]
Fibrous structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibrous structure has high density joining regions present in a semi-continuous pattern and low density bearing regions present in a semi-continuous pattern. -continued. 15
[0010]
10. A fibrous structure according to claim 9, characterized in that a plurality of the high density joint regions is oriented substantially in the cross machine direction.
[0011]
A fibrous structure according to claim 10, characterized in that the plurality of high density joint regions is oriented at less than 20 ° with respect to the cross machine direction axis.
[0012]
A fibrous structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of the high density joining regions comprise curved lines.
[0013]
13. A fibrous structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of the high density joining regions comprise sinusoidal lines.
[0014]
A monolayer or multilayer sanitary tissue product comprising the fibrous structure of any one of the preceding claims.
[0015]
A method of manufacturing a fibrous structure, the method comprising the steps of: a. providing a plurality of pulp fibers; b. depositing the pulp fibers on a forming wire so as to form a fibrous structure; and c. applying the fibrous structure to an air-flow drying member such that the fibrous structure is characterized by one of the following properties: i. the fibrous structure comprises non-semi-continuous joints which are imparted to the fibrous structure such that the fibrous structure has an elongation ratio in the machine direction of total shrinkage greater than 2.25, as measured by the method of elongation test; and ii. the fibrous structure comprises a pattern of semi-continuous high density joint regions and a pattern of semi-continuous low density pad regions which are imparted to the fibrous structure such that the fibrous structure has a ratio of full machine direction elongation greater than 2.25, as measured by the elongation test method.
[0016]
A method of manufacturing a fibrous structure, the method comprising the steps of: a. providing a plurality of pulp fibers; b. depositing the pulp fibers on a forming wire so as to form a fibrous structure; vs. subjecting the fibrous structure to a shrinkage induced by the process of 0% or more; and D. applying the fibrous structure to an air-circulating drying member so that the fibrous structure has a machine direction elongation ratio of greater than 2.5, as measured by the test method of elongation.

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法律状态:
2015-11-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2016-11-17| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2018-09-28| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20180831 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

---

US201361918409P| true| 2013-12-19|2013-12-19|

---

US201361918398P| true| 2013-12-19|2013-12-19|

---

US201361918404P| true| 2013-12-19|2013-12-19|

---

US201461951816P| true| 2014-03-12|2014-03-12|

---